Eight out of every ten suicidal individuals give indications of their suicidal intent before
making an attempt. One of the following signs does not necessarily mean that a person will
act out in a self-destructive manner. However, several of these signs together may
indicate that a person is having thoughts about suicide.
- Talking, writing, or joking about suicide or death.
Ex: stories, poems, suicide notes. Verbalizations such as:
"You'll be sorry when I'm gone" or "I wish I were dead"
"You won't be seeing me much longer" or "I hate my life."
- Giving away prized possessions: records, jewelry, car, pet, etc.
- Making final arrangements:
writing a will, making peace with enemies
cleaning out one's closet or locker
refusal to make long range plans, planning one 's funeral
suddenly resigning from a club, church group, employment
- Depressive Symptoms:
changes in appetite or sleep patterns
crying spells, poor concentration
withdrawal from family/friends
low energy level, feeling worthless, sad
- Sudden, unexplained recovery from a profound depression
recovery is usually because they have made the decision to suicide
and a huge pressure is lifted from their shoulders
- Marked feelings of helplessness and/or hopelessness:
feeling there is nothing that they or anyone else could do to make
them feel better.
- Risk-taking behavior:
playing with guns or knives, initiating physical fights
driving recklessly or while intoxicated
alcohol/drug abuse, accident proneness
dare devil behaviors ("Evil Knievil" stunts)
- Self-mutilating behavior:
cutting, burning or beating oneself
anorexia, bulimia
- Marked change in behavior:
a non-drinker Starts drinking heavily, extrovert becomes withdrawn
an introvert becomes the "life of the party."
- Organizing a plan or gathering the means:
getting a gun, stocking up on medicines
- Previous suicide attempts:
especially within the last 3 months or evidence of attempts: bruises, cuts
- Anxiety over impending or anticipated discipline:
fear of going to jail/being sentenced
losing one's job
losing social status
dismissal from club, activity, sport
punished by parents or school personnel
losing loved one
How to assess suicide risk
Low risk suicide:
no or vague plans
time frame unspecified.
Medium risk:
some plans
time frame greater than 24 hours.
High risk:
detailed plan
means available
time frame less than 24 hours
Immediate high risk:
detailed plan
means readily available
attempt imminent or in progress